TOP 10 Of Things That Totally Changed The World

1. Penicillin

Everyone knows well, or at least should know the history about how brilliant the biologist Sir Alexander Fleming investigated the nature of the bacteria staphylococcus. In 1928 he suddenly noticed that the bacteria staphylococcus, is no longer available to grow in the area surrounded by mould. Fleming is not placed at the opening of great hope. When next year, he published the results of their research, they have not attracted special attention because mold had been growin up for a long time, and it acted very slowly. But in 1945, several other scientists conducted further study, after which it has been possible to produce penicillin on an industrial scale, and it forever changed the method for the treatment of bacterial infections.

2. Microwave oven

In 1945, Percy Spencer Lebaron (Percy Lebaron Spencer), an American engineer and inventor, worked to develop magnetic - devices that can generate microwave radio signals to the first radar. During the war, the radar was extremely important new invention, but that it can be used to cook, was discovered purely by chance. One day, standing near the operating magnetron, Spencer noticed that the tiles of chocolate behind it in the pocket, melted. His sharp mind quickly thought that happened because of the microwaves, and he spent several experiments with popcorn and the egg, which then exploded (as he could tell any of us knowing so unfortunate "experiment" of childhood). The first microwave oven weighed about 750 pounds (~ 340 kg.), It had a size of a refrigerator.

3. Waffel horns for ice cream

This story can serve as a perfect example of an accidental invention and accidental meeting, which had the widespread influence. And it is delicious. On the particularly hot and airless World Fair in 1904, the tents, selling ice cream, things went so well that quickly ran all limpets. Tents that were located nearby, and selling Zalabiey (Zalabia) - thin wafers from Persia, hadn't the the things like this, and its owner invented a stay wafers in the cone, and put ice cream on top. Thus was born and ice cream in vafelnom horns.


4. Champagne

Many of us know that invented champagne Dom Pierre Perignon (Dom Pierre Pérignon), but this monk of the Order of St. Benedict, who lived in the 17 century, wass not intended to make wine with bubbles, but quite the contrary - he has spent years trying to prevent that, as sparkling wine is considered a sure sign of low-quality winemaking. Initially Pérignon wanted to please the tastes of the French yard and create an appropriate white wine. As it was easier in Champagne to grow dark grapes, he invented a method of obtaining from it a light juice. But as the climate in relatively cold Champagne, the wine was to wander over the next two seasons, in the second year already in the bottle. As a result it was a wine, filled with bubbles of carbon dioxide, which Pérignon tried to escape. Fortunately, the new wine is a favorite of the aristocracy like the French, and English yards.


5. Stickers Post-It

The modest stickers Post-It appeared as a result of accidental cooperation mediocre scholar and irritable church parishioners. In 1970, Spencer Silver (Spencer Silver), a large American corporation researcher 3 M, worked on the formula of strong glue, but was able to create only a very weak glue, which could be lifted with little effort. He tried to move his invention to a corporation, but nobody drew attention to it. Four years later, Arthur Fry (Arthur Fry), 3 M officer and member of the church choir, was severely irritated by the fact that the paper, which he put in his book hymns as bookmarks, constantly falling, when the book was opened. During one of worship he remembered about the invention Spencer Silver, and experienced insight. It turned out that little adhesive tagging doing exactly the right thing, and he sold the idea to 3 M. Trying to move a new product launched in 1977, and today it's hard to live without those labels.


6. Potato chips

In 1853, the restaurant in the city of Saratoga, NY, particularly capricious client (railroad tycoon Cornelius Vanderbilt (Cornelius Vanderbilt)) has consistently refused to free potatoes, which it filed, complaining that it was too thick and wet. After he refused to several dishes increasingly thinly cut potatoes, George Cram (George Crum) decided to avenge his and roasted it in oil as a few thin slices of potato wafers, and filed their client. First, Vanderbilt began to say that this latest attempt was too thin, and it is impossible to accurately eat it with fork, but after trying a few pieces, he was very pleased, and all visitors of the restaurant wanted the same thing. As a result, a new menu dish: "Saratoga chips" which soon have already been sold worldwide.


7. Slinky

What walks down stairs, alone or in pairs, and produces such a sound? Initially, it was only spring fallen from the table. Where exactly - it was a table that belonged to ship engineer Richard James, who once again in 1940 noticed that when spring waned for a while she jumped on the floor and reversed, and then calmed down. After several prototypes in 1948 there were presented Slinki Stores toys, becoming one of the most popular toys and emblematic of all time. The name "invented" the wife Betty James, and in 1960 she became the company's CEO. Around the world, has been sold more than 250 million toys, and during the war in Vietnam it was even used as a portable radio antennas.


8. Pacemaker

As in the case of penicillin, here's another example of an accidental invention, which still saves lifes. American engineer Greytbatch Wilson worked to develop a device that can log heartbeat. They had a size of a television set and produced in the body of the patient significant electrical discharges, as a result of which skin burns often appeared. Greytbatch also invented a lithium battery for powering its stimulator.

9. Superglue

More adhesive pieces than stickers Silvera Post-It - superglue - came in 1942, when Dr. Harry Kuver (Harry Coover) tried to highlight a transparent plastic materials for the production of high-precision weapons sights manual. For some time, he worked with chemicals. After 6 years, Kuver worked at a chemical plant in the state of Tennessee and realized the potential of thspecific substance, when they faced heat cyanoacrylate, and realized that for the formation of strong coupling it is not required: nor heat nor the pressure. Thus, after a business cleaning superglue came to the world (full name "catalyzed alcohol cyanoacrylate glue"). Later, the glue wasused for the treatment of wounded soldiers in Vietnam: it was sprayed at the open wounds, stopping bleeding, which facilitates the transport of soldiers.

10. LSD

Accidental discovery diethylamide d-lysergic acid led to a cultural revolution. It was opened by a Swiss scientist Albert Hoffman (Albert Hoffman) in 1938 assisted with the movement of hippie. The actual opening of LSD, hallucinogens as occurred when Dr. Hoffman participated in the pharmaceutical research in the Swiss city of Basel, whose goal was to create a drug to make it easy for pain during childbirth. Synthesizing what was later identified as LSD, Hoffman sent the unknown substance in the directory and removed it in storage, as well as an initial analysis did not reveal anything interesting. These properties of this compound Hoffman discovered on Friday, in April 1943, when he worked with him without gloves, and some accidentally hit him in the body through the skin. Leaving home on a bicycle, he saw "a continuing inflow of fantastic paintings, unusual forms with rich colors and Christians game." In 1966, LSD was outlawed throughout the United States (and soon in other countries), and therefore further study of its constantly obstructed (and continue to hamper). One of the first researchers Dr. Richard Alpert said that by 1961, he experienced LSD at 200 sites, 85% of whom said it was "very educational" experience in their life.